第八课: 饮食文化 一.相关文化背景介绍 (一)关于三明治 三明治是西方的一种基本食品,以两片面包夹几片肉和奶酪、各种调料组成,吃法简单,;历史从13世纪开始。三明治原是英国东南部一个默默无闻的小镇,镇上有位蒙塔古伯爵,他非常好赌,整日废寝忘食的玩桥牌。随从很难服侍他的饮食,干脆将肉、蛋、菜夹杂在面包片中,让他一边赌一边吃。蒙塔古伯爵大喜,顺口便将这种快餐叫做“三明治”。其他赌客也学伯爵的样子,吃这种食品。随后三明治闻名英国,传遍欧洲大陆,从此,夹馅面包片的食品就叫做“三明治”。 (二)关于热狗 热狗,是一种面包夹香肠的快餐。传说热狗的发明者是德国移民安东. 弗奇特万根。1904年,他在圣路易斯开了一家饭铺,出售牛肉、香肠等。为了节省开支,他把手套发给顾客,让大家用手那着香肠吃。但他发现这个方法行不通,常有人吃完饭后就“顺手牵羊”,把手套也带走了。而且洗手套费时有费钱。他最后想出一条妙计:他把香肠夹在一种细长的面包里出售,不但方便,而且好吃。这样很快便博得大众喜爱而畅销各地。由于这种食品外型好似酷暑里伸着舌头的狗,所以人们叫它“热狗”。 二.本课内容讲析 (一)词汇 1 interrupt 打扰;打断 考点:interrupt with 打断;防碍 2 advise 劝告;建议 考点:advise sb of 建议某人… advise with sb on / about sth 同某人商量某事;就某事请教某人 3 pack 打包 考点:pack up 打好旅行用的行李 4 prevent 阻止;阻挡 考点:prevent from 使… 不做某事,阻止… 做某事 5 light 点燃 考点:light up / upon 偶然发现;偶然碰到 6 pour 倾倒;灌 考点:pour down 倾泻 pour on 泼冷水;使沮丧 7 starve 挨饿;使饿死 考点:starve for =be starved of 渴望;极需;缺乏 starve sb. into 用饥饿迫使… starve out 用饥饿使投降;使断粮而屈服 8 feed 喂养;饲养 考点:be feed up with 吃的过饱;对… 极其厌倦 feed on 靠… 过日子;从… 中得到满足/ 供养 feed up 供给食物/营养;养肥;使吃饱 (二)短语 1 junk food 垃圾食品 这是两个名词组成的复合词,与junk 有关的复合词还有junk shop 指“旧货店”。 e.g. It’s not wise to eat junk food . Sometimes you have to eat junk food because of time . 2 as far as 至于,就… 方面说 通常是指后面所接的内容达到了一个最大的限度的程度。 e.g. As far as I know , it’s forbidden to smoke at the meeting . I helped him as far as I could . 3 pay for 付款;赔偿 付钱给某人作为… 的费用,即 pay (sb ) for sth e.g. How much did you pay for the car ? That trader pays me for my goods . 4 blame for 负责;责任;承担; 通常是为做错的事或做的不好的事情而承担责任。 e.g. Who is blamed for this failure ? Because of your carelessness , you should be blamed for this aftermath . 5 pay attention to 关注;注意 to 是介词,后面接名词、动名词或短语,如“密切关注”是pay close attention to . e.g. We need to pay close attention to the development of this matter . Do you pay attention to this notice ? (三)句型 1 So in order to keep doctors away , we’d better eat more fruit and vegetables . 译文:所以为了把医生赶走,我们最好多吃水果和蔬菜。 讲解:in order to do sth. 指的是“为了做某事”,表示目的,在句子中做目的状语。Had better + do sth. .指“最好做某事”,better 后面必须接动词原形。 e.g. You’d better clean your room at once . 2 It is sad to know that millions of people die every year because they do not have enough food . 译文:;了解到每年有数百万的人由于没有足够的食物死去,这是令人悲哀的。 讲解:millions of 指“数百万”, thousands of 指“数千的”,表示不确定的数量。It’s sad to know that … 指“了解到…是悲哀的”,that 引导的句子充当know 宾语。 e.g. It’s sad to know that her grandmother is dead . (四)语法知识 复合句 1 复合句包含两个或更多的主谓结构,由一个(或更多的)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等,其中充当一个句子成分的主谓结构是从句。由于在句子中的作用不同,从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句等。 e.g. What I want to emphasize is this . We should never pretend to know what we don’t know . There is something in what you said . That’s exactly what I am planning to do . We are looking forward to the day when we will meet . Turn off the light before you leave the room . Soon came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia . (五) 口试必备用语 邀请朋友吃饭时的常用语: 1 Are you free tomorrow ? 2 Would you like to go out with me for dinner ? 3 I would like to treat you to lunch . 4 Dinner is on me . 5 When is the most convenient time for you ? 6 What is your favorite food ? 主人请客人不要客气时的常用语: 1 Help yourself , please . 2 Make yourself at home . 3 Help yourself to anything you want . 4 Welcome ,please sit down . 客人在就餐结束时的常用语: 1 I am full . 2 Thank you .I’ve had enough . 3 Thank you for your dinner . I’m afraid I can’t take in any more .
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