2011年公共英语五级考试语法精讲辅导9

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 4.动词的语态:
动词的语态有主动语态(主语是动作的发出者)和被动语态(主语是动作的承受者)。被动语态由be/get+过去分词构成,be/get体现时态变化。主动变被动时,时态保持不变;动作的执行者由by短语表示;get+过去分词侧重动作的效果,通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用,其一般现在时/一般过去时变否定式,疑问时要借助助动词。
They make bikes.
Bikes are made by them.
When did she get married?
How did the window get broken?
注意:
(1)不及物动词一般没有被动语态。
The sun sets in the west.
易错的常见的不用被动语态的不及物动词有:rise, set, happen, break out, take place, fall, lie, die, etc.

(2)主动句带双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子,可将间接宾语或直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,还有一个宾语叫保留宾语。一般将间接宾语变为被动句的主语。当变直
接宾语为被动句的主语时,要在保留宾语(间接宾语)前加一个介词to(给,表方向)或for(替)。
My mother gave me a book.
I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
(3)主动句带有复合宾语时,变为被动句时宾语补足语保留在谓语动词之后,改称为主语补足语即主补。当宾补是不带to的不定式时,被动句中原省略的to要加上。
The boss made us work ten hours a day.
We were made to work ten hours a day.
(4)含有动-介/动-副/动-副-介等短语动词的句子,变成被动语态时,要把这些短语看成一个整体(相当于一个动词),不能漏掉任何词。
The nurses look after the patients well.

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