公共英语等级pets5-WSK名词解析
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名词 1.名词的概念和种类：表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。有以下四种： 类 别 意 义 例词 专有名词 表示人、地方、机构的专有名称 Beijing the Great Wall 普通名词 可数 个体名词 表示某类人或物中的个体名称 student teacher 集体名词 表示一群人或物的集合体 family government 不可数 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 water air 抽象名词 表动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 beauty youth 2.可数名词：个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算称为可数名词;其单数形式前要有a/an/the或数词one或某些限定词来修饰。两个以上的，单词要变成复数。变化规则 序号 构成方法 例词 1. 一般在词尾加-s studentstudents 2. 以ce，se，ze，ge结尾的词加-s pagepages 3. 在[s，z，，，t]后加-es watchwatches 4. 以辅音字母加o结尾的指人或食物的词加-es heroheroes 5. 以辅音字母加o结尾的外来词或缩写词只加-s pianopianos 6. 元音字母加o结尾的词加-s radioradios 7. 辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es factoryfactories 8. 词尾为f或fe的改f或fe为v，再加-es knifeknives 9. 有些以f或fe结尾的只加-s beliefbeliefs 10. 有些单、复数同形 sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese 3.物主代词： 分类 句法功能 例 句 形容词性物主代词 作定语 This is my pen. 名词性物主代词 作主语、表语、宾语 This bike is hers. 注意：名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中： She is a friend of mine. 4.反身代词： 序号 在句中充当的成分 例 句 1 宾语 位于动词后 She could dress herself when she was six. 位于介词后 Take care of yourselves. 宾语+and后 She invited Mike and myself to the party. 2 表 语 He doesnt seem himself today. 3 同位语 主语同位语 He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself. 宾语同位语 You can ask the president himself. 4 并列主语 and之后 Mary and myself will go. or之后 Marys little time left. little几乎没有，表否定。 可数复数 few，a few，many，several， both Both my sisters are good. few几乎没有表否定;both只用于两者两者都。 可数单数 one each 4.序数词的用法： 序号 用法特点 举 例 1 前面要加the Hes always the first to get to meeting-room. 2 前面用a/an表又一，再一 Hed better try a fourth time. 介词 1.介词的概念及分类：介词是一种虚词，不能单独在句中充当成分，要与宾语一起构成介词短语才可在句中充当成分。介词按形式分为简单介词、复合介词、短语介词、特殊介词和双重介词。 分类 例 词 按形式分 简单介词 at， about， above， after， as， but， by， down， during， except， for， from， in， like， near， off， of， on， opposite， over， past， round， since， through， till， to， under， until， up， besides， between， beyond， with， across， against， along， among， around， before， behind， below， beside 复合介词 inside， outside， onto， into，toward，upon，within，without 短语介词 along with， together with， according to， ahead of，as for， as to， because of， due to， except for， owing to， out of， up to， by means of， by the side of， by way of， in front of， in spite of，as far as 特殊介词 concluding，regarding，considering， save 双重介词 until after，until before，Saturday， except，on duty 按功能分 空间(地方、位置、方向、范围、界限、包括、排除) about， above， across， after， against， along， among， round， at， before， behind， with， below， beneath， beside， besides， between， upon， save， beyond， but， by， concerning， down， on， out of， outside， over， past， through， throughout， towards， under， up 时间 after， before， as， between， by， during， for， from， in， on， over， past， till， until， up to， within， through， throughout 原因理由根源(目的，内容等) about， according to， as， because of，due to，owing to，on acount of， from， of， on， with， regarding， concerning， considering， through， by， under， for 2.容易混淆的介词： 区别讲解 例句 : 表 时 间 的 介 词 at， on， in at表示在几点几分(单位最小);on表示在具体的某一天或某天上午(下午晚上等); in表示在几天、周、月、年。 I get up at six oclock. It happened on a spring morning. There are seven days in a week. in the morning / evening / afternoon;at noon / night / dawn / sunrise / sunset / lunch / dinner / supper， etc. during， for， in for后加一个表时间段的具体单位(常用复数);during强调持续或某活动期间;in指在一段时间内。 She has lived here for six years. He was in English during the war. In those days he was poor. till， until till/until构成的短语修饰持续性动词，非持续性动词要用否定式。 They waited till/until 10:00. They didnt leave until/till 10:00. after， since after+时刻或时段，ll be back after eight oclock. Shes lived here since 2002. in， after in+时段，ll leave after 11:00. He left after 11:00. She left after a few hours. Shell be back in half an hour. 表 空 间 位 置 及 方 向 方 位 的 介 词 at， on， in at指一个点或小地方; in指一个地区或大地方空间内;on在某一平面或线上面。 They arrived at the village at ten. Your pencil is in the desk. Your pencil is on the desk. on， above， over on与物体接触反义词为beneath;over在s a book on the desk and a pen beneath the book. Theres a lamp over the desk and a bag under the table. Jacks bedroom is above mine on the second floor. over， across， through across表面跨过; through从中间或从头至尾穿过; over从上空越过。 Hes swimming across the river. They walked through the forest. A plane is flying over the city. at， beside， by， next to， near at靠得最近; beside在并排一条线上; by在并排一条线上; next to在顺序上紧靠旁边; near 靠得最远，不表明确方向或顺序。 Lets meet at the school gate. The building beside the library is the shopping center. The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai. Whos sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve? about， round， around. about表示周围是随意的，不规则的;round或around的周围则是较完整的一个圈。 Dont leave the toys about the meeting-room. They are sitting round/around the table. to， for， at to 运动的方向，目的地; for 动身出发的目的地; at 有意攻击的目标。 Throw it to me. Hell leave for Shanghai. He threw the ball at that boy. up， down up指往上，往北，大地方，靠拢; down指向下，往南，向小地方，往开走但在一市区，去中心区用down，去郊区等用up。 They are going up the hill. They are going down river. Im going down town shopping. on， in， to in表在某地区内; on表接壤; to表在某地区以外。 Shanghai is in the south of China. Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong. Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu. between，among between指两者之间; among指在三者以上之间。 Theres a river between the two villages. Theres a small house among the trees. besides except except for except that but but for besides除t know Peter except that hes an Japanese. Theres nothing but a chair in the room. But for your help，I wouldnt have finished my homework. 注意： (1)形容词最高级前要用the，而副词最高级前的the可省。 (2)下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。 cruel， often， able， clear， clever， correct， dear， free， friendly， happy， handsome， likely， lively， pleasant， right， simple， quiet， solid ， strange， strict， stupid， wrong， etc. 5. 形容词、副词比较等级常用的句型及用法： 类别 用法及意义 句型结构 例句 原级 没有比较 very / so / quite / too， etc. +原级 It was very warm yesterday. 二者比较程度相同 as+原级+as+比较对象 You are as clever as Mike. 一方是另一方的几倍 ...times as+原级+as+比较对象 This bridge is five times as long as that one. 二者比，程度不同 ...not as+原级+as+比较对象 You are not as tall as he. 二者比，前者不如后者 ...not so+原级+as+比较对象 Math isnt so hard as physics. 比 较 级 二者比，一方比另一方更re younger than Tom. 二者比，A比Bs much hotter today than it was yesterday. A比B甚至还要s still stronger than Jack. Hes far older than you. 表越来越s getting fatter and fatter. understand. A比B(高，长s getting healthier and stronger than his brother. 表比s less rich than he. 表与其说，不如s more than a teacher. Shes more than tired. 表并不比某某s no taller than you. 最高级 三者或三者以上比较某某最s one of the best students in this class. 第几大/长s a letter for you. 用于指初次提到某人/物 She has a dog. 指某类物或人中的任何一个 A horse runs fast. 用在不可数名词前表一次/场/或一个/种人或物 I would like a coffee. 用于时间、度量衡名词前表每一 He has two meals a day. 用于某些习惯用语或固定词组中 as a result，have a rest have a chat，in a hurry have a word with sb. a little，a lot，a pair of a cup of，a great deal of 扫一扫上面的二维码，关注我哟！关注即送50元学费哟 关注""微信，第一时间获取本科考试最新资讯、内部资料信息! 官方微信号：examwcom@qq.com 相关资料 |
