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In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.
TEXT A
When I was a child in Bra in Italy, hardly any mothers had a job, grandmothers lived with their children and grandchildren, and lunch and dinner were rites (仪式) you couldn’t miss. Even if the world was collapsing around you, you would go home at a set time, sit down at the table and eat a full meal fondly prepared by the women of the house. Most ingredients came from local markets, though a lot of the vegetables were grown directly in our allotments, and meat came from animals raised by friends or acquaintances. The most "exotic" foods were bought at the neighborhood grocer’s shop.
This typically Italian family scene has changed radically. In the 1960s and 1970s, the advent of supermarkets and cheap, mass-produced food swathed community-based economies. The boom years brought new freedom and money to spend, on food but also on leisure. Women were emancipated at last and started to go out to work. Convenience foods were all the rage. Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta were out; factory-produced replicas were in. In the late 1980s, food processing became an out-and-out revolution. In the subsequent loss of domestic and artisanal (手工制作的 ) savoir-faire, traditional produce and biodiversity were threatened.
The food production revolution that transformed Europe and North America meant more and cheaper food for all. But there were negative effects, too: environmental harm and a loss of cultural identity. Now that emerging nations are following in our footsteps, the downside is evident. If we can’t force those countries who are starting to glimpse emancipation from poverty to avoid our bad examples, we can at least propose more sustainable models of producing food.
It is important to trigger the virtuous processes that lead to food that tastes great, is ecologically benign, and is produced and consumed in a way that is fair to all. We must look to the past. We need to learn from what we have forgotten or set aside in the name of modernity. The values of rural societies are the values we have to restore to our food, and hence to our culture.
These values teach us that food is better when it is fresh and seasonal, when it is produced close to home, and when it is eaten with the people we love. I’m not advocating a return to the family scene of my childhood; such environments were often indicative of poverty and social backwardness. And going back to the old days would force women back into the kitchen. But we can find ideas in the past that we might apply in our increasingly complex society, and so ensure a serene future for ourselves and the earth.
Food is central to our lives. It would be wrong to turn it into nothing more than a fuel enabling us to move faster, hence accelerating the consumption of the earth and its resources. In fact, it would be the worst mistake we could ever make.
81, We can learn from the beginning of the passage
A. women were not willing to go out for work in the past.
B. families ate lunch at a fixed time at home.
C. most of the vegetables people ate were produced by themselves.
D. foods sold in the grocer’s shop were rare and fresh.
82. "out-and-out" in Paragraph Two means
A. complete.
B. successful. 考试用书
C. controversial.
D. futile.
83. Which of the following statements about changes that took place after 1960s is INCORRECT?
A. There were more supermarkets and food was cheap.
B. Women were freed from house chores and began to work.
C. Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta disappeared.
D. Traditional produce was threatened due to environmental pollution.
84. We can learn from Paragraph 5 that
A. the author felt disappointed at the food production revolution.
B. food is most delicious when it is fresh and homemade.
C. the author would rather go back to his childhood.
D. applying ideas in the past to modern society would do us good.
85. The main purpose of the passage is
A. to describe the Italian tradition.
B. to explain the needs of modern food processing.
C. to raise concern about sustainable food-producing.
D. to persuade parents to make more homemade food. 【文章概要】
本文探讨饮食变革以及给人们带来的启示。第l段介绍作者孩提时候意大利家庭的生活方式及饮食；第2段描述超市的出现及食物批量生产对意大利家庭生活及饮食的改变；第3段阐释这一改变所带来的利弊并提出作者对此的观点：第4-6段阐述了饮食变革给人们带来的启示。
【答案解析】
81．[C]细节判断题。根据文章第l段的描述：在作者孩提时代的意大利家庭里，母亲们很少外出工作，祖孙三代同居一室．家人必须聚在一起用餐，吃的东西除了配料来自市场外，大部分蔬菜都是自己种植，肉类则是来自朋友或熟人喂养的牲畜，因此选项C符合题意。B表述与原文有出入。D中的fresh没有原文依据。
82．[A]词义理解题。第2段指出20世纪60—70年代家烘的蛋糕和手工面食已经不受欢迎了，取而代之的是工厂加工的食品；而到了80年代末期，食品加工已发生……变革。再结合该段末句的loss和threatened可知，随着时间的推移，饮食变革对人们的影响越来越大，故选项A正确。
83．[D]细节判断题。根据题干中的1960s定位到第2段。根据第2段可知，超市及大批量生产的廉价食品越来越多，女性从家务中解放出来并开始出去工作；不再有人在家烘烤蛋糕和手工制面了。因此A、B、C选项都是60年代后所发生的变化，本题为逆向选择题，因此D符合题意。
84．[D]段落细节题。根据第5段最后一句可知，如果将过去的思想应用到日渐复杂的社会，那么我们将会拥有一个平和的未来和一个宁静的世界。因此选项D符合题意。在本段中，无法推断出作者对食品变革感到失望，因此不选A。
85．[C]全文主旨题。本文探讨了饮食变革及给人的启示，文章最后一段指出，民以食为天，人类如果只是将食物看成能让我们加速前进的能量就大错特错了，这样会加速整个地球及能源的消耗，从而造成难以想象的后果，因此选项C符合题意。
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