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SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.
Physiological needs: the most (1)____ ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.?
(2)____ needs: needs for a) physical security; b) (3)____ security.
The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)____, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)____ plans, and safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection; b) a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace; b) formation of relationships outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one's sense of achievement; b) esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's (6)____.
These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honors, etc.
Self-realization needs: need to realize one's potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)____.
Features of the hierarchy of needs: a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively (8)____ needs. b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c) (9)____ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level. d) Different levels of needs may (10)____ when they comes into play.
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