|
听力材料：
Many scientists have problems with the arguments you read in the passage. They don't think those arguments prove that dinosaurs were endotherms.
很多科学家对你们刚刚听到的文章持有不同意见。他么认为这些理由不能支持恐龙是恒温动物。
Take the polar dinosaur argument. When dinosaurs lived, even the Polar Regions, where dinosaur fossils have been found, were much warmer than today, warm enough during part of the year for animals that were not endotherms to live. And during the months when the Polar Regions were cold, the so-called polar dinosaurs could have migrated to warmer areas or hibernated like many modern reptiles do. So the presence of dinosaur fossils in Polar Regions doesn't prove the dinosaurs were endotherms.
先说一下极地恐龙的观点。当恐龙存在的时候，极地，也就是这些发现化石的地方比现在要暖和很多。而且当极地很冷的几个月里，这些极地恐龙会迁徙到暖和的地方或者像现在爬行动物一样选择冬眠。所以，在极地发现恐龙化石不能证明恐龙是恒温动物。
Well, what about the fact those dinosaurs have their legs placed under their bodies, not out to the side like crocodiles. That doesn't necessarily mean dinosaurs were high-energy endotherms built for running. There is another explanation for having legs under the body. This body structure supports more weight, so with the legs under their bodies, dinosaurs can grow to a very large size. Being large had advantages for dinosaurs, so we don't need the idea of endothermy and running to explain why dinosaurs evolved to have their legs under their bodies.
那么，恐龙的腿在身体下方而不是两侧是怎么回事呢？这个是不足以证明恐龙是可以进行奔跑类剧烈运动的恒温动物。腿生长在身体下部对于恐龙是别有的意义的。这样的结构可以支撑更多的重量。所以腿长在身体下部可以让恐龙长到非常大。对于恐龙来说，巨大的重量是非常有意义的，所以没有比用要用恒温动物和奔跑来解释为什么恐龙进化出这样的身体结构的。
Ok, so how about bone structure? Many dinosaur bones do have Haversian canals, and that is true. The dinosaur bones also have growth rings. Growth rings are thickening of the bone that indicates periods of time when the dinosaurs weren't rapidly growing. These growth rings are evidence that dinosaurs stopped growing or grew more slowly during cooler periods. This pattern of periodic growth, you know, rapid growth followed by no growth or slow growth, and then rapid growth again, is characteristic of animals that are not endotherms. Animals that maintain a constant body temperature year-round as true endotherms do grow rapidly even when the environment becomes cool.
恩，那么骨结构呢?很多恐龙确实有哈弗森管，这是事实不能否认。但是与此同时，恐龙还有生长环。生长环上比较厚的环节说明当时恐龙生长的缓慢。因此，生长环证明了恐龙在冷的时候生长缓慢甚至停止生长。这是一种周期性生长：一段时间不生长或者生长缓慢，然后接着快速生长。拥有这样生长方式的动物不是恒温动物。真正的恒温动物可以一年四季保持恒定的体温，因此可以在天气很冷的情况下快速生长。
听力笔记内容：
Main point:don't.
Sub point one: warmer, migrated, hibernated.
Sub point two: doesn't necessarily, for running, more weight, advantages.
Sub point three: Haversian canals, growth ring, slowly or stop V.S. rapid, periodic.
这些词都听到了吗，都记下来了吗？如果都听到了，把他们带回到之前阅读部分总结的逻辑链，就可以告诉ETS是如何反驳的了，这样就能完成ETS要求的要体现阅读和听力部分的关系了。
相关资料
| 
