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听力材料
Everything you just read about “Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet” is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it’s indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.
刚才你读到的关于“戴白帽的老妪”的说法都是真的。但是经过专家小组对这幅画彻底的检查，最近确定这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。原因如下：
First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn’t part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.中华考试网
首先是皮草领子。专家小组用X光检查并分析了画上的颜料，发现这个皮草领子不是原画作的组成部分。这个皮草领子是在成画后一百年之后直接画在原画上面的。这么做的目的是什么呢?可能是有人想让这幅画看起来像是一个贵族女子的正式画像，以为这样可以提高画的价值。
Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original painting could be seen. In the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminated part of the woman’s face. That’s why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we could expect from Rembrandt.
第二，所谓的光影问题。只要把这个后加上来的皮草领子移除，我们就能看到原画。在原画上，这个女人穿的是一个有这单领的浅色袍子。这个带领子的浅色袍子能够把光反射到女人的脸上。这是为什么这个女人的脸上没有呈现出半明半暗的状态。所以呢，原画上的光影是具备伦勃朗应该具有的写实风格的。
Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of “Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet” is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his “Self-portrait with a Hat”.
最后，木板的问题。研究发现，在加上皮草领子的同时，木板也是被认为的增大了。有人在原画的上边和侧面粘上了木板，以期望可以使这幅画看起来更大和更贵重。所以这幅话最初是画在一个单块木板上的，这样就符合我们对伦勃朗风格的期待了。同时，研究人员发现这幅“戴白帽的老妪”上所使用的木材同伦勃朗的另一幅画所使用的木板来自同一颗树。这幅画是他的“戴帽子的自画像”，这一点更有力地说明了这幅画是伦勃朗所作。
TIP：这篇文章在成文的过程中不可避免的要对passage部分进行一定的转述，仅仅写TS是不够的。这是因为这些要转述的细节是lecture反驳的基础，如果回避了，就无法逻辑清晰了，因为会给读者天外飞仙之感。在成文的过程中，lecture部分的细节是重中之重，一定要把那些回答why的内容体现出来。这就是为什么要求精听了。听了个大概，然后开始猜细节，这样的结果只有一种，那就是死的很惨。所以，不要随便说自己听懂了，如果试着一句一句的听写出来，或者仔细看看lecture部分的文本，是很容易发现自己漏掉了一些好像很小但是却很重要的部分。
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