2017年9月公共英语考试一级语法知识讲义(5)
语法讲义五 【形容词,副词】 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill. (错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice 用形容词表示类别和整体 1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car worth 的用法 worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。 1. worth:be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……" be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做" The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……" be worthy to be done "某事值得被做" The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while:be worth-while to do sth "值得做某事" worth while:It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题 It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。 相关资料 |