2019年英语六级阅读理解专项练习（十六）
|
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: There were two widely divergent influences on the early development ofstatistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keepingorderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the sameLatin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematicsto increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence ofthe mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring,describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses-all of which led tomodern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came moderninferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability. Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describingcollections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures ofheight, intelligence, or grade level-variables that are characterized by anunderlying continuum-or the data many represent qualitative variables, such assex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generallyundergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form theproperties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data. Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving anotherclass of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind.This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to makepredictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendentwishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who cometo school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having alittle knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it isunnecessary and inefficiency to question each child; the proportion for theentire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict orestimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristicsof only a sample of the population. 31.What is the passage mainly concerned with? A) Development and application of statistics. B) Origin of descriptive statistics. C) Limitations of inferential statistics. D) Importance of statistics. 32.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics C) theories of probability D) inefficiency of counting 33.Which of the following statements is true about descriptivestatistics? A) It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables. B) It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables. C) It helps to summarize properties of a group of data. D) It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations. 34.The word "unwieldy" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to____. A) difficult to collect B) difficult to tackle C) incomprehensive D)uncontrollable 35.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposesexcept ____. A) to make a more accurate prediction of trend B) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work C) to save the trouble of approaching every members D) to predict characteristics of the entire population 【答案】31-35 A B C B A 相关资料 |
