2017年公共英语PETS3阅读辅导讲义1

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Dialogues /monologues:

1、 Do they need long workouts to get the benefit, or will short, intense ones do the trick?

do the trick:获得成功。

他们需要长期的体能训练获得益处,还是短暂、剧烈的训练取得成功?

2、 Bone mass and bone loss.

Bone mass:骨骼块数;bone loss:骨质疏松

3、 Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures.

通过单一或多次的暴露之后,即刻效应便体现出来了。

4、 Experts found that inhabitants in the three regions have more in common than calories.

专家发现这三个地区的居民在其他方面的共同点超过了他们在卡路里方面的共同点。

5、 Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would keep away from food, love, or exercise. While there is no question that prolonged stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.

rise to the occasion:应付自如。

跟人不能避开食物,爱或锻炼一样,人也不应该躲避压力,毫无争议长时间的压力是有害的,但也有不少研究显示,你可以应对的挑战性局面对你是有好处的。

Passage:

Being young has universal appeal and today people are searching for the qualities that youth comprises good health, mental alertness, physical attractiveness, and vigor—in a word, fitness. Fitness is the magical term that has pervaded our daily lives. Via the media, we are constantly bombarded with suggestions to be slim, do exercise, and feel fit. Many television and radio programs are devoted to fitness information and group exercise. Newspapers and magazines regularly feature columns that present the latest nutritional discoveries and exercise equipment. In fact, it is almost impossible to pick up a general interest magazine and not find the perfect diet and easy exercise programs. Countless books and tapes on fitness are available in bookstores and libraries. The medical profession, too, advocates being slender, doing exercise, and feeling energetic.

The intense interest in the condition and appearance of the body has generated a steady flow of highly marketable innovations. In fact, consumers spend billions of dollars annually on activities and products in their quest for fitness. Health clubs have come into bud throughout the nation, and many people sigh up for lifetime memberships. Others, who prefer convenience and privacy, set up fitness equipment in their own homes. Many people shop in health food stores for organically growth goods and dietary supplements to add extra vitamins to their diets.

For many years, it has been the practice of giant corporations to maintain a gym or health club for the exclusive use of their executives. By working out at the gym, or playing tennis, the top people in management could release some of the tensions generated at work. Membership in these corporate facilities was, and still is, a status symbol. Currently, however, a new attitude is emerging. All employees are burdened with tensions and pressures and could benefit from this type of recreation. As a matter of fact, studies contributes is also a financial gain for the company. It therefore is sensible of those major corporations to offer health club memberships to all their employees. This concept is revolutionary, but it is being considered seriously. There is no doubt about it: when people are physically fit, they are at their best. It makes sense to maintain optimum health in order to live life to the fullest.

参考译文:

年轻具有普遍吸引力,今天人们在搜寻着构成年轻的要素:好的身体,精力充沛、身体的外在魅力,朝气蓬勃——一句话,健康。健康这个富有魔力的术语在我们日常生活中蔓延开来。通常媒体,我们不断地被各种各样的建议所包围,诸如要保持苗条、要锻炼身体、还要保持好的精神状态等等。许多电视和广播节目致力于向人们提供健身信息和群体健身活动。报纸和杂志也辟有特色专栏,向人们呈现关于营养的最新发现和健身设备。实际上,随便拿起哪本大众杂志,都可以找到关于完美饮食和简易健身的项目。书店和图书馆里随处可见无数有关健康的书籍和磁带。医学行业也倡导人们保持苗条身材、加强身体锻炼、保持精力充沛。

对身体状况和外在形体的广泛关注,导致高度市场化的创新稳步发展。事实上,消费者为健身活动和产品每年都要支出数十亿美元。健康俱乐部如雨后春笋遍布全国,许多人都注册成为终生会员。那些喜欢方便和隐私的人则自家购置了健身器材。许多人在保健品店购买有机产品和膳食补充剂来额外补充维生素。

多年以来,大型公司为企业高层管理人员配备专用健身房和健康俱乐部。通过健身房的锻炼,或者打网球,高级管理人员可以释放工作中的压力。拥有这样的会员身份,至今仍是一种身份地位的象征。然而,目前又出现了一种新的趋势。公司所有员工都背负沉重的工作压力和紧张,因此都可以享受这种娱乐活动。实际上,研究显示,身体和精神健康可以切实帮助员工提高工作效率。病假时间减少也是公司的一项财政收入。因此,那些大公司向全体员工提供健康俱乐部会员身份是很明智的决策。这种理念是革命性的,但是需要认真给予考虑。毫无疑问的是:当人们身体健康的时候,其工作状态也处于最高峰。为了能够更充实地生活,保持身体处于最佳状况是非常有意义的一件事情。

Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.

Pollution is a“dirty”word.To pollute means to contaminate-topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make(31) ___unfit or unclean to use.Pollution comes in many forms.We see it,smell it,(32) ___it,drink it,and stumble through it.We literally lived in and breathe pollution,and(33) ___surprisingly,it is beginning to(34) ___our health,our happiness,and our civilization.

Once we thought of pollution(35) ___meaning simply the smog--the choking,stinging,dirty(36) ___that hovers over cities.But air pollution,while it is(37) ___the most dangerous,is only one type of contamination among several(38) ___attack the most basic life functions.

Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides,man has polluted the land,(39) ___the wildlife.By(40) ___sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes,we have contaminated our(41) ___water.We are polluting the oceans,too,killing the fish and(42) ___depriving ourselves(43) ___an invaluable food supply.

Part of the problem is our exploding(44) ___.More and more people are producing more wastes.But this problem is intensified by our“throw—away”technology.Each year Americans(45) ___of 7 million autos,20 million tons of waste paper,25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans.We throw away gum wrappers,newspapers,and paper plates.It is no longer wise to(46) ___anything.Today almost everything is disposable. (47) ___of repairing a toaster or a radi0,it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old,even(48) ___95 percent of its parts may still be functioning.Baby diapers,which used to be made of reusable cloth,are now paper throw-aways.Soon we will wear clothing made of(49) ___:“Wear it once and throw it away”will be the slogan of the fashionable consciousness.

Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump,or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem?(50) ___,solutions are in sight.A few of them are positively ingenious.

参考译文

污染是一个“肮脏”的词语。污染就是弄脏——表土或什么东西,通过引进杂质使其不健康或不洁。污染可以有很多形式。我们可以看见它,闻到它,尝到它,喝到它,从它中间挣扎走过。我们简直生活在污染中,呼吸着它,毫不奇怪,它开始威胁我们的健康、我们的幸福和我们的文明。

我们曾经把污染只是想成烟雾——盘旋在城市上空的那种呛人、刺鼻、肮脏的空气。但是空气污染虽然是最为危险的,但也只是几种攻击最基本生活功能的污染之一。

通过不加控制地使用杀虫剂。人类已经污染了土地,杀死了野生动物。通过将污水和化学物质倾倒进河流和湖泊,我们已经污染了我们的饮用水。我们也正在污染海洋,杀死鱼类,因而剥夺了我们那无价的食物供应。

人口爆炸也是引起污染的原因之一。越来越多的人正在制造越来越多的垃圾。但是,这一问题被我们的“一次性”技术加剧了。每年美国人都要扔掉 700万辆汽车、2,000万吨废纸、2,500万磅牙膏皮和4,800万个罐子。我们还扔掉口香糖包装纸、报纸和纸盘。再次利用已经不再明智了。今天。几乎所有东西都可以扔掉。比起修一台烤箱或收音机,买一台新的、扔掉旧的更容易、更便宜,虽然它95%的部件仍可以使用。婴儿尿布以前用循环使用的布制成,现在都变成纸质的一次性产品了。不久我们就会穿上纸质的衣服:“穿一次就扔掉”将成为流行意识的口号。

所有这些到什么时候才能结束?我们是不是正在把世界变成一个巨大的垃圾场,或者我们还有没有希望解决污染问题?幸运的是,已经有了解决问题的办法,有几种办法还十分具有独创性。

答案及解析

31.it 【解析】本句意为‘污染’意思是弄脏——表层土或什么东西,通过引进杂质,这使…不健康或不干净。”显然,此空处应指topsoil or something,因为前面已出现,所以用it来代替。

32.taste 【解析】本句意为“我们看得见它,闻得见它,…它,喝它,而且在它中间挣扎。”由常识可知,此空处只有一个“尝”较合适。

33.not 【解析】此空前半句意为“我们真地生活在污染中,呼吸着它”,而后半句意为“它开始…我们的健康、幸福和文明。”显然,这是因果关系,故中间的surprisingly前只能加个否定词not。

34.threaten 【解析】由33题解析可以知道此空一定为“威胁”之意。

35.as 【解析】think of sth.as sth.为固定短语,意为“把某物想成某物”。

36.air 【解析】由前面的smog可知,此空处应填与smog相应的物质,又由后面的“hovers over cities”可知,此物质只能是“脏空气”。

37.still 【解析】本句意为“但是空气污染,尽管它…是最危险的,但也只是几种攻击最基本生活功能的污染方式之一。”显然,可知此空应填“仍然”。

38.which 【解析】由37题解析可知此空应为一个引导定语从句的词,即which,其后的定语修饰“several(types of contamination)”。

39.killin9 【解析】本句意为“通过无控制地使用杀虫剂,人类已经污染了土地,…野生动物。”显然,此空处应填“杀害”,但不能填kill,因为英语中无连词时不可能有两个谓语,故应填killing,killing the wildlife是现在分词做伴随状语。

40.dumping 【解析】由本句句意“通过将污水和化学物质…入河流和湖泊,…”可知,此空处显然应为“倒”。又因为介词后只能用dumping,而不能用dump。

41.drinking 【解析】由本句句意“通过将污水和化学物质倒入河流和湖泊,我们已经污染了我们的…水。”显然,此空处应为“饮用”。

42.thereby 【解析】本句句意为“我们也正在污染海洋,杀死了鱼类,…剥夺了我们那无价的食物供应。”显然,此空前后为因果关系,而且depriving前不能用so或其他表因果关系的连词,而只能用介词thereby。

43.of 【解析】deprive sb.of sth.为固定短语,意为“剥夺某人的某东西(或某权利)”。

44.population 【解析】由下一句“越来越多的人正在制造更多的垃圾。”可知,此处应指“膨胀的人口”,即exploding population。

45.dispose 【解析】由前一句“但是这个问题因为我们的“一次性”技术而加剧了。”可知,此处应为“丢掉,扔掉”之意,即dispose of。

46.reuse 【解析】由后一句“今天几乎每件东西都可以被扔掉。”可知,“…任何东西不再明智了。”中的空处应为“再利用”,这样前后两句逻辑上才能合理。

47.Instead 【解析】由本句句意“…修一台烤箱或一台收音机,买一台新的、扔掉旧的更容易、更便宜…”可知,肯定是“不修”,又因为有介词of,所以应填instead。instead of意为“不做某事”,是固定短语。

48.though 【解析】参见47题解析,由本句句意“…更便宜,…它的95%的部件仍可以使用。”可知,此空处应填“尽管,即使”,即even though。

49.paper 【解析】由前一句“。..are now paper throwaways.”可知,“不久以后我们将穿由纸制作的衣服。”

50.Fortunately 【解析】由本句句意“…可以看到有解决办法的希望了。”可知,此空应填“幸运的是”。

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