2018年公共英语四级重点语法资料：倒装句
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倒装句 英语中常见的倒装句，除某些疑问句和引导词there开头的固定倒装句型外，还有下列一些情况需要用倒装语序： 1.在以here, there或out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子里表示强调或表达生动时。 Here comes the bus. Away went the girl. 注意：如果主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构，例如： Here it comes. Away he went. 2.only修饰状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 Only in this way can you improve your listening.只有用这种方法你才能提高你的听力。 Only when my home town was liberated in 1949 was I able to go to school. 只有在1949年我家乡解放时，我才能上学。 注意：只限于修饰状语且状语可长可短，only修饰其他成分时则不倒装。例如： Only he can work out such a difficult math problem. Only him we could find in the classroom just now. (only在此强调主语和宾语，后面并不引起倒装) 3.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，起强调作用，后面引起部分倒装。例如： Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. Not a single mistake did I make. 注意： 1)在not only…but also…结构中，仅在not only句中引起倒装，but also句中不用倒装形式。 Not only did I pay off all my debts, but I saved some money to build a new house. 我不仅还清了债务，还攒钱盖了一幢新房子。 2)这些否定副词如不放在句首，句中不用倒装结构。例如： He seldom gets up early.(比较：Seldom does he get up early.) 4.so, neither, not位于句首，表示后面与前面情况相同时，后面用全部倒装结构。 My mother is a teacher. So am I. He has never been abroad, neither have I. 注意： 1)so用在句首强调状语时，后面用部分倒装。例如： So loudly did he speak that everyone in the classroom could hear him clearly. 2)so如果在后面表示重复前面的意思时(so=yes)，后面不用倒装。例如： It was cold yesterday. So it was. (比较：So is it today.) 5.as引起的让步状语从句中，被强调部分置于句首。 注意： 名词前不用冠词，最高级前不加the Child as he is, he knows a lot. Youngest as she is, she studies best in our class. 6.在虚拟语气条件从句+主句的结构中，条件从句如果省略掉，须将were, had, should等助动词和主语点到，形成部分倒装。 Should he come this morning, tell him to come to my office. 如果他今天早上来，告诉他到我办公室来。 Were I you, I would not let him go. 如果我是你，我就不让他走。 7.频率副词以及thus, so等副词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装结构。如often, always, once, a time等。 Often do I tell him about my life here. Thus was the Emperor cheated. 8.在how和what引起的感叹句中，以及表示祝愿的句子中，可用倒装结构。例如： How beautiful the garden is! May you be healthy and happy forever! 根据以上分析，可以把倒装的部分情况总结成下表：
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