四级考试听力理解第三节的命题思路
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听力考试的第三节考察考生获取特定信息，理解主旨要义和详细信息，猜测词义，判断说话者的态度、意图的能力。考生根据听到的三段独白或者对话材料（每段200-300词），从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。注意该小节录音材料将只播放一遍。问题在提干中给出，不再在录音中播放。第一、二段独白或者对话播放录音前有15秒的答题时间，第一遍录音放完后有30秒答题时间，第三段独白或者对话播放录音前有20秒的答题时间，第一遍录音放完后有40秒答题时间。考试进行时，考生先将答案写在试卷上；听力部分结束前，考生有5分钟的时间将考试卷上的答案誊写或砖土道答题卡上。 第三节听力测试考察考生在五个方面的综合能力，而且该小节听力录音只播放一遍，因此，难度较前两节有较大增加。但是，由于第三小节全部是客观题，考生在播放录音前15到20秒应该充分利用时间，分析各小题的选项，对文章内容进行最大程度的猜测。而且由于考题在试卷上印出，因此，可以带着问题去听听力。所以，总的来说，只要掌握了一定的方法，攻克这部分考题也不是难事。 经典例题： Part C
Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answers to each question. You will hear each piece once only.
Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? ［A］How much exercise they get every day. ［B］What are they most worried about. ［C］How long their parents accompany them daily. ［D］What entertainment they are interested in. 12. The academy suggests that children under age two ［A］get enough entertainment. ［B］have more activities. ［C］receive early education. ［D］have regular checkups. 13. According to the reporter, children’s bedrooms should ［A］be no place for play. ［B］be near a common area. ［C］have no TV sets ［D］have a computer for study [听力原文] M: Next time you bring your kids in for a checkup, don’t be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes in entertainment. The American Academy of Medicine suggested last week that doctors work with parents to evaluate how much TV kids watch and what they see, what video and computer games they play, which websites they visit on the Internet, whether they view R-rated videos without the company of their parents, what music they like and what books they read. Doctors are worried that kids who spend too much time in front of the tube don’t get enough exercise and can become overweight. The academy is also concerned that the messages kids get from entertainment media can make them more violent and sexually active. The academy recommends that children under age two not watch any TV.“Children need activities to stimulate the brain during the first two years of life,”says Dr.Miriam Baron, who chairs the academy’s committee on public education.“They need feedback and socialization.” Older children, she says, should watch TV in a common area. Their bedrooms should be “electronic media-free” zones where they can have a quiet place to read, study, play or just relax. W: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11-13. 名师精解： 11.考察考生对于细节信息的获取。此题比较简单，只要考生对本文大意理解正确，就可以得到正确答案。答案来自原文“Next time you bring your kids in for a checkup, don’t be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes in entertainment”。答案及信息出现在文章的开头，为听力考试的惯常出题点之一。 12.考察考生对听力原文中人物语言态度的理解能力。此题关键词是recommend，答案来自原文“The academy recommends that children under age two not watch any TV. Children need activities to stimulate the brain during the first two years of life”。Recommend可以体现作者态度。在听听力时，考生应当泛听和精听要相结合。此题考查考生对信息细节的理解，属于精听的范畴。 13.考察考生对于细节问题的掌握。答案来自原文“Their bedrooms should‘be electronic media?free’zonesswheresthey can have a quiet place to read ,study ,play or just relax.”听出。读选项时，应快速地浏览关键词，以获取更多的信息。另外，此题是文中的最后一道题目，其答案一般也会出现在文章末尾，和文章的开头一样是听力的惯常考点之一。 Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? ［A］Family debts. ［B］Bank savings. ［C］Monthly bills. ［D］Spending habits. 15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit? ［A］,000. ［B］,000. ［C］,000. ［D］,000,000. 16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? ［A］Investsintosa mutual fund. ［B］Use the discount tickets. ［C］Quit his eating-out habit. ［D］Use only paper bills and save coins. [听力原文] W: If you’re in your 20s,you own your first car, your career is more or less launched, and you’re starting to look forward to owning a home. But you’re worried, too. Perhaps you’ve got some debt. You probably don’t have much in the way of savings. And with all your expenses, it doesn’t look like you’ll be able to improve that situation soon. If you wonder how to cut corners, there’s an obvious place to look-at your spending habits. Do you buy a soda each weekend? Waste a day for 40 years and, when you’re set to retire, you’ll find your account is short by ,000.Grab a calculator and you’ll discover that, over 40 years going out to dinner twice a month at each time amounts to half a million. Even a pack-a day cigarette habit will lighten your retirement account by2,000. And the same with cable TV and those cool earrings. They will probably amount to as much as one million. So, the first clue to accumulating wealth is this: focus on your spending habits. Here are a couple of tricks to help you save even if you swear you can’t afford to. Stop buying things that fall rather than rise in value. Pay yourself first: Before you pay the monthly bills, send to a mutual fund. Stop spending coins. From now on, spend only paper currency, and keep the change every day. Get your family involved and you’ll double your savings. Use discount tickets at the supermarket—but use them correctly. How? If you really want to make these tickets worthwhile, you actually must invests into your mutual fund the amount you save by using the tickets. Otherwise, you’re wasting your time—and your money. M: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14-16. 名师精解： 14.考察考生对于文章特定信息的掌握以及对文章大意的理解能力。答案来自“So, the first clue to accumulating wealth is :focus on your spending habits.”直接推测出答案。 15.考察考生对于细节问题的掌握和数字的辨别能力。答案来自“Even a pack-a-day cigarette habit will lighten your retirement account by,000.”直接推测答案。考生在听到数字时尤其敏感。 16.考察的是考生对于细节问题的掌握。答案来自原文“Pay yourself first :Before you pay the monthly bills, send to a mutual fund.”。fund是关键词，当听到关键词时，就可以把其他答案排除。 Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20. 17. Which word best describes the lawyers prediction of the change in divorce rate? ［A］Fall. ［B］Rise. ［C］V-shape. ［D］Zigzag. 18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage? ［A］To embrace changes of thought. ［B］To adapt to the disintegrated family life. ［C］To return to the practice in the 60s and 70s. ［D］To create stability in their lives. 19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago? ［A］They feared the complicated procedures. ［B］They wanted to go against the trend. ［C］The were afraid of losing face. ［D］They were willing to stay together. 20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have ［A］been shifted around the country. ［B］had difficulty being promoted. ［C］enjoyed a happier life. ［D］tasted little bitterness of disgrace. [听力原文] W: Mr. Glieberman, do you see any change in the high rate of broken marriages? M: The divorce rate is beginning to level off and probably will begin to drop in the next year or two, though not significantly. The tight economy has made it more difficult for troubled couples to handle all the costs associated with setting up separate house-holds. Also, I believe there’s a comeback of thought—after theturbulent60s and70s—that the family does have value. In the midst of change and family disintegration, people seem to have a greater desire now to create stability in their lives.
W: What is the divorce rate now? M: About 1 in 3 marriages ends in divorce, a ratio far higher than it was 20 years ago when the philosophy was“Well tough it out no matter what. Society demands that, for appearances sake, we stay together.” Divorce no longer carries much disgrace. There’s no way, for example, that Ronald Reagan, a divorced man, could have been elected President in 1960.And there are countless other divorced politicians who years ago would have been voted out of office if they had even considered a divorce, let alone gotten one. The same was true in the corporate structure, where divorced people rarely moved up the executive ladder. Now corporations welcome a divorced man, because they can shift him around the country without worrying about relocating his family or making certain that they are happy. W: You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17-20. 名师精解： 17．考察考生对于文章特定信息的掌握以及对文章大意的理解能力。答案来自文章最开头第一句“The divorce rate is beginning to level off and begin to drop in the next year or two ,though not significantly.”中level off和drop推断出。level off的意思是“稳定下来，达到平衡”。解答此类的问题需要考生具有一定的猜词能力。 18．考察考生对于细节问题的掌握。答案来自原文“In the midst of change and family disintegration, people seem to have a greater desire now to create stability in their lives.”。 19．考察考生对于细节问题的掌握。答案来自原文“Society demands that ,for appearances sake, we stay together.”得到。For appearance’s sake可以翻译为“碍于面子”。 20．考察考生综合分析问题的能力。听力原文的结尾部分就是在说这个问题，即过去离婚者所受的待遇问题。要求考生边听边理解听力内容。答案来自原文中“...The same was true in the corporate structure, where divorced people rarely moved up the executive ladder...”。听力原文中有一些较口语化的句子，读的语速都较快，除了考生平时积累此类语言，仔细对此特定信息进行仔细辨听外，还可以通过对前后语境进行揣摩，辨别作者意图。 题型分析： 从听力原文的体裁来说，第三小节可以分为对话理解题和独白材料题。 对话理解题的听力原文通常形式为男女一问一答式的小会话，内容总不外乎日常生活中的一般对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等常见话题。根据对话所营造的场景不同，可以分为校园、工作场合、公共场所、家庭等。 独白材料题由一位录音者单独阅读一段文章，听力原文材料本身一般难度不会很大。重点考查考生能不能在第一次听后能否对材料有个大概的理解。在这类独白材料的题目设计中大都是特殊疑问句。题目多关于材料的细节、情节和主题等。有时也要求考生对材料所给予的目的、主题、原因做出推断。听力原文材料一般以叙事文为主，取材广泛。 第三节听力考试中部分题目的句子结构和内容都比较简单，问题常由what、when、where、who、why和how等疑问词引导的特殊疑问句，而就题目提问方式而言，则可以归类为：细节型；计算型；大意型和推理型等。 细节题目往往是针对录音听力中的人物、地点、时间、数字、价格等所提及的问题，只要考生考前对考点进行预测，同时放录音时注意听录音材料这些内容，理顺关系，就能轻松得分。 同样的，计算题也往往是针对录音听力中的时间、数字、和价格等所提及的计算。一般来说，题目中涉及的计算都比较简单，只要考生能够听到录音材料相应内容，理顺关系，就能得出答案。 大意题往往是针对整个录音材料而言的，要求考生对录音材料的整体内容有一个大致的胖段，同时考虑说话者语气，语境以及说话者的言语中隐含的深层次的意思。解答此类题目时考生应要从全局着眼，而后全面做答。 推理题一般来说也是针对整个录音材料而言的，是所有听力题中最难的。要求考生考虑录音材料的整体内容，考虑说话者语气，说话环境及一些其他细节的基础上，综合判断得出答案。推理题是对上面所提到的题目题型的能力的一个综合考核。这类题目在听力原文中找不到现成的答案，要通过考生自己的判断推理来解答答题目。 相关资料 |
