2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词

全国等级考试资料网 2024-07-07 04:14:24 105次大中小

2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词

代词

1.代词分类表：英语中代词有九类，用来指代名词或上、下文中的词，词组或句子。

序号	#FormatImgID_0#数人种称类		单数					复数
			一	二	三			一	二	三
1	人称代词	主格	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
		宾格	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them
2	物主代词	形容词性	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
		名词性	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs
3	反身代词		myself	yourself	himself	herself	itself	ourselves	yourselves	themselves
4	指示代词		this that					these those
5	不定代词	指代人	somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone
		事物	something, anything, nothing, everything
		指代人或物事	one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little					ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several
			some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such
6	相互代词		each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s
7	疑问代词		who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
8	连接代词		who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
9	关系代词		who, whom, whose, which, that, as

2.人称代词用法表：

序号	作用	用法说明	例句
1	作主语	用主格	Does he enjoy listening to music?
2	作表语	指主语用主格	Was it she who saw the white cat?
2	作表语	指宾语用宾格	I believe the writer to be him.
3	作宾语	用宾格	These books belong to them.

注意：

(1)代词并列时，排列顺序为“二，三，一”人称，如：“you,he and I”;“him and me”。

(2)人称代词常在名词后，但“you”在名词前，如：“you, Tom and I”。

(3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后，如：“he and some others”。

(4)口语中，宾格作表语，如：“It’s me.”。

3.物主代词：

分类	句法功能	例句
形容词性物主代词	作定语	This is my pen.
名词性物主代词	作主语、表语、宾语	This bike is hers.

注意：名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中：

She is a friend of mine.

4.反身代词：

序号		在句中充当的成分	例句
1	宾语	位于动词后	She could dress herself when she was six.
		位于介词后	Take care of yourselves.
		“宾语+and”后	She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2	表语		He doesn’t seem himself today.
3	同位语	主语同位语	He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
3	同位语	宾语同位语	You can ask the president himself.
4	并列主语	and之后	(Both)Mary and myself will go.
		or之后	(Either)Mary or yourself will go.
		nor之后	(Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.

注意：

(1)反身代词不单独作主语。

(2)oneself也是一个反身代词，用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.

　　5.指示代词：“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表：

	在句中的成分		例句
1	作名词用	作主语	This is Smith.
2		作宾语	I like this.
3		作表语	His idea is this.
4	作形容词用	作定语	This way,please.

6.不定代词：

序号	分类	功能	用法	不定代词	例词或例句	说明
1	作形容词	定语	接可数单数	every“每个的”，只作定语	every body	指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。
			接可数复数	other	other boys
			接三类名词	no	no people	no=not a/any
2	作名词	主语、表语、宾语	代单数（人）	someone,somebody anyone,anybody everyone,everybody no one,nobody	Someone is waiting for Jack. Is everyone here? Is there anybody out?	someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中； anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。
			代单数（物）	something,anything nothing,everything	Something is wrong with my bike.	something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑问句中。
			代复数（人/物）	others，the others	She likes to help others. Where are the others?	the others其余的人/物。
				none	None of us is afraid.	指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。
3	既可作名词又可作形容词	主语、定语、表语、宾语	不可数	little,a little,much	There’s little time left.	little“几乎没有”，表否定。
			可数复数	few,a few,many,several, both	Both my sisters are good.	few“几乎没有”表否定；both只用于两者“两者都”。
			可数单数	one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”) another,either,neither	Each student has a pencil.	either二者之中任一个；neither二者之中没一个。
			接/代三类名词	all,some,any,such,the other	He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher.	some用于肯定句或表建议的句中；any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。
			可数复数或不可数	lots of, a lot of, a lot	He has lots of/a lot of friends. He has a lot to say.