意语考试语法相关辅导资料40
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The Italian present tense (presente) is happening right now. It’s a simple tense—that is, the verb form consists of one word only. The present tense of a regular Italian verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem. The present tense of a regular -are verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending -are and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem (-o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano). See the table below for a sample conjugation of amare (to love). PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF AMARE (TO LOVE) PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL I (io) amo (I love) (noi) amiamo (we love) II (tu) ami (you love, familiar) (voi) amate (you love, familiar) III (Lei) ama (you love, formal) (Loro) amano (you love, formal) (lui/lei) ama (he/she loves) (loro) amano (they love) The infinitive of first-conjugation Italian verbs (those ending in -are) and the conjugated forms of the present tense are pronounced like most Italian words: the stress falls on the next-to-last syllable. The one exception is the third person plural form amano, which is pronounced AH-mah-noh, with stress falling on the first syllable. A few first-conjugation verbs are listed in the following table. COMMON FIRST-CONJUGATION VERBS accendere to put out, extinguish arrivare to arrive ascoltare to listen aspettare to wait ballare to dance camminare to walk cantare to sing dimenticare to forget guidare to drive imparare to learn insegnare to teach lavorare to work nuotare to swim parlare to speak pranzare to dine, to have lunch suonare to play (a musical instrument) telefonare to telephone visitare to visit Italian verbs with infinitives ending in -ere are called second-conjugation (seconda coniugazione) or -ere verbs. The present tense of a regular -ere verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings (-o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ete, -ono) to the stem. For an example on how to conjugate a regular second-conjugation verb, take a look the following table. PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF SCRIVERE (TO WRITE) PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL I (io) scrivo (I write) (noi) scriviamo (we write) II (tu) scrivi (you write, familiar) (voi) scrivete (you write, familiar) III (Lei) scrive (you write, formal) (Loro) scrivono (you write, formal) (lui/lei) scrive (he/she writes) (loro) scrivono (they write) Second-conjugation (-ere) verbs account for approximately one-quarter of all Italian verbs. Although many have some sort of irregular structure, there are also many regular verbs (see the following table for examples) which are conjugated in the same way as scrivere. COMMON SECOND-CONJUGATION VERBS accendere to put out, extinguish battere to beat, to hit cadere to fall chiedere to ask conoscere to know correre to run credere to believe descrivere to describe eleggere to elect leggere to read mettere to put, to place mordere to bite nascere to be born offendere to offend perdere to lose rimanere to remain, to stay ridere to laugh rompere to break vendere to sell sopravvivere to survive While the infinitive forms of both first- and third-conjugation Italian verbs always have the accent on the final -are or -ire, second-conjugation verbs are often pronounced with the accent on the third-to-last syllable, as in prendere (PREHN-deh-ray). If there are first-conjugation and second-conjugation verbs, then it stands to reason there are third-conjugation verbs (terza coniugazione)! This final group contains verbs that end in -ire in the infinitive. The present tense of a regular -ire verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings (-o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ite, -ono) to the resulting stem. Note that, except for the voi form, these endings are the same as for regular second-conjugation (-ere) verbs. For an example of how to conjugate a regular -ire verb, see the table below, which conjugates sentire (to hear, to feel, to smell). PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF SENTIRE (TO HEAR, TO FEEL, TO SMELL) 相关资料 |
