法语词汇：法语与英语词汇中的伪同源词列表(1)
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Oblitérer vs Obliterate Oblitérer is nearly always used to mean cancel, as in a stamp. Cachet d’oblitération - postmark. Obliterate means to do away with or to wipe out. It can be translated by effacer - to erase or to wear down or by rayer - to cross out. Occupé vs Occupied Occupé is from occuper - to occupy in all senses of the word. It can also mean to employ or to keep busy: Mon travail m’occupe beaucoup - My work keeps me very busy. Occupied is the past participle of occupy - occuper, habiter, remplir. Office vs Office Office is a semi-false cognate. In addition to the meanings below, it can refer to duties, church services or prayers, or a pantry. Office can mean the physical place where one works as well as the office or position that someone holds. Once vs Once Once = ounce. Once can mean une fois or jadis. Opportunité vs Opportunity Opportunité refers to timeliness or appropriateness: Nous discutons de l’opportunité d’aller à la plage - We’re discussing the appropriateness of going to the beach （under the circumstances）. Opportunity leans toward favorable circumstances for a particular action or event. It’s an opportunity to improve your French - C’est une occasion de te perfectionner en fran?ais. Or vs Or Or has two completely different meanings. It is the word for gold: or fin - fine gold. It is also a conjunction used to make a transition from one idea to another, meaning now or whereas: J’attendais au pire, or il a attendu patiemment - I expected the worst, whereas he waited patiently. Or is simply a conjunction used to denote an alternative; the French equivalent is ou : I need to buy a pen or a pencil - Je dois acheter un stylo ou un crayon. Organe vs Organ Organe refers to the organs of the body and international organs. Organ is also the musical instrument orgue. Ostensible vs Ostensible Ostensible means obvious or conspicuous: Son indifférence est ostensible - Her indifference is conspicuous. Ostensible means apparent or supposed: His ostensible reason was to help us - Sa raison prétendu était de nous aider. Ours vs Ours Un ours is a bear. Ours is the possessive pronoun le n?tre. Ouverture vs Overture Ouverture is a semi-false congate. In addition to overture, it the French word for opening Overture means ouverture or avance. Pain vs Pain Pain is the French word for bread. Pain is the English word for douleur, peine, souffrance. Pair vs Pair Un pair means a peer; as an adjective, pair means even: le c?té pair de la rue - the even-numbers side of the street. A pair is usually translated by une paire : a pair of shoes - une paire de chausseurs. Pale vs Pale Une pale is an oar, paddle, or propeller blade. Pale means light in color. When referring to a person’s complexion, it is translated by pale. But pale blue - bleu clair. Parti/Partie vs Party Parti can refer to several different things: a political party, an option or course of action （prendre un parti - to make a decision）, or a match （as in he’s a good match for you）. It is also the past participle of partir. Partie can mean a part （e.g., une partie du film - a part of the film）, a field or subject, a game （e.g., une partie de cartes - a game of cards）, or a party in a trial. Party can also mean une fête, soirée or réception; un correspondant （au téléphone）, or un groupe/une équipe. Passer vs Pass Passer is a semi-false cognate. It is normally translated by to pass, except when talking about a test. Je vais passer un examen cet après-midi - I’m going to take a test this afternoon. Pass is translated by réussir when talking about a test: I passed the test - J’ai réussi à l’examen. Patron vs Patron Patron is an owner, boss, or employer. Patron is a client, someone who purchases from a store, restaurant, or other business: un client or （for the theater only） un habitué. Pays vs Pays Pays refers to a certain territory, usually a country, but can on occasion refer to a village. Pays is the third person singular conjugation of the verb to pay: he pays me cash - il me paie en liquide. Personne vs Person Personne is a semi-false cognate. As a noun, it means person, but as a pronoun, it can mean anyone or no one: Elle le connais mieux que personne - She knows him better than anyone. Personne n’est ici - No one is here. Person refers to a human being. Phrase vs Phrase Phrase is a sentence. Phrase refers to une expression or locution. Physicien vs Physician Physicien is a physicist, while physician is a médicin. Pie vs Pie Pie refers to a magpie. Pie indicates une tarte or une tourte. Pièce vs Piece Pièce is a semi-false cognate. It means piece only in the sense of broken pieces. Otherwise, it indicates a room, sheet of paper, or coin. Piece is a part of something - un morceau or une tranche. Pinte vs Pint Pinte means a quart （in Québec） and a bar or café （in Switzerland）. In standard French, it refers to an archaic unit of measurement. Pint is approximately un demi-litre. Police vs Police Police is a semi-false cognate. In addition to a law-enforcing body, it can also mean policy （e.g., insurance） and font. Police refers only to the law-enforcing body. There are two different organizations in France: la police - under the Ministry of the Interior and la gendarmerie - under the Ministry of War. Politique vs Politics Politique can be the adjective political or a noun: un politique = politician while une politique = politics or a policy Politics refers only to la politique. Pond vs Pond Pond is from the verb pondre - to lay （an egg）. Pond is un étang. Pot vs Pot Un Pot can be a jar, earthenware pot, can, or carton. There is also a familiar expression " Prendre un pot " - to have a drink. A Pot is a cooking vessel: une marmite or une casserole. Pot is also a slang term for marijuana - marie-jeanne. Pour vs Pour Pour is the French preposition for. Pour is a verb which means verser or pleuvoir à verse. Prétendre vs Pretend Prétendre means to claim or assert: Il prétend savoir jouer du piano - He claims to be able to play the piano. Prétendu - alleged or supposed. Pretend means to make believe or to feign: She’s pretending to be sick - Elle simule （or elle feint） d’être malade. Propre vs Proper / Prop Propre can mean clean or own （as in ma propre voiture - my own car）. Proper means convenable or adéquat and a Prop is un support or un étai. Prune vs Prune Prune refers to a plum. Prune can be a noun - un pruneau or a verb - tailler, élaguer. Qualité vs Quality Qualité is a semi-false cognate. It means both quality （e.g., of a product） and capacity or position: en sa qualité de maire - in his capacity as mayor. Quality refers to the characteristics of things or people: the quality of life - la qualité de la vie. Quête vs Quest Quête is a semi-false cognate. The main sense is a collection, but it can also be used to refer to something like the quest for the holy grail or a pursuit of the absolute. Quest can also be used for less noble pursuits: quest for a job - à la recherche d’un emploi. Quille vs Quill Quille refers to a skittle, one of the pins used in the British game of ninepins, as well as to the game itself. Quille also means keel, as in the keel of a boat. Quill is the shaft of a feather tuyau de plume, a large wing or tail feather penne, and the sharp spine found on porcupines piquant. Quitter vs Quit Quitter is a semi-false cognate: it means both to leave and to quit （ie, leave something for good）. Quit nearly always means to leave something for good. Raide vs Raid Raide is the French adjective for stiff, taut, or steep. Raid is the English noun for un raid or une incursion. Raisin vs Raisin Raisin is the French word for grape. Raisin is un raisin sec. Rampant vs Rampant Rampant is the French adjective for creeping or crawling: Le chat rampant m’a dérangé - The creeping cat disturbed me. Rampant means growing without limit: Rampant vegetation covers the wall - La végétation exubérante couvre le mur. Rang vs Rang Rang is a row, line, or rank. In Canadian French, it can be a country road. Rang is the past participle of ring - sonner. Rape/Raper vs Rape Rape is a grater or grinder. Raper means to grate, rasp, or grind. Rape is the noun viol or the verb violer. Rater vs Rate Rater means to misfire, miss, mess up, or fail. Rate is the noun proportion or taux or the verb évaluer or considérer. Récipient vs Recipient Récipient is a container or receptacle. Recipient refers to la personne qui re?oit, la déstinataire, or le bénéficiaire. Refus vs Refuse Refus means refusal or insubordination Refuse （as a noun） refers to garbage: détritus, ordures, déchets. The verb Refuse is equivalent to refuser in French. Regard vs Regard Regard can mean a glance, expression （on one’s face）, manhole, or peephole. Regard can mean attention, considération, respect, or estime. Rein vs Rein Rein is a kidney. Rein is une rêne or une guide. Remarquer vs Remark Remarquer is a semi-false cognate. It can mean to notice or to remark. Une remarque is a comment or remark. Remark is both the noun and the verb - remarque（r）. Replacer vs Replace Replacer means to put something back in its place: to re-place it. Replace means remplacer or remettre. Reporter vs Report Reporter means to postpone or to take back. Report as a verb means rapporter, déclarer, or dénoncer. The noun refers to un rapport or une rumeur. Représentation vs Representation Représentation is a semi-false cognate. In addition to the English meanings of the word, it can also refer to theatrical performances. Representation refers to a notation or a graphic, as well as representation in government. Responsable vs Responsible Responsable is a semi-false cognate. In addition to an adjective, Responsable is a noun meaning responsible party, official, representative, or person in charge. Responsible is equivalent to its French cognate. Rester vs Rest Rester is a semi-false cognate. It usually means to stay or remain: Je suis restée à la maison - I stayed at the house. When it is used idiomatically, it is translated by rest: He refused to let the matter rest - Il refusait d’en rester là. The verb Rest in the sense of getting some rest is translated by se reposer: Elle ne se repose jamais - She never rests. Résumer vs Resume Résumer means to summarize. Resume means to begin again: reprendre, recommencer. Revenu vs Revenue Revenu is the equivalent of revenue or income, but it is also the past participle of revenir - to come back. Revenue means revenu or rentes. Revue vs Revue Revue is a semi-false cognate. In addtion to revue, it often means a magazine as well as review or inspection. Revue is a revue or spectacle. Route vs Route Route is a semi-false cognate. It can refer to a maritime or trade route or else to a road. Route means itinéraire, voie, or parcours. Gentil vs Gentle Gentil usually means nice or kind: Il a un gentil mot pour chacun - He has a kind word for everyone. It can also mean good, as in il a été gentil - he was a good boy. Gentle can also mean kind, but in the more physical sense of soft or not rough. It can be translated by doux, aimable, modéré, or léger: He is gentle with his hands - Il a la main douce. A gentle breeze - une brise légère. Grand vs Grand Grand is a semi-false cognate. It means both great （e.g., un grand homme - a great man） and large or tall: elle est grande - she’s tall, une grande quantité - a large quantity. Grand is a very versatile term. It can mean large or impressive in size, scope, or extent; rich and sumptuous; pleasing; and/or important/principal. Grappe vs Grape Grappe is a cluster: une grappe de raisins - a bunch of grapes, grappes humaines - clusters of grapes. Grape is un raisin. Gratuité vs Gratuity Gratuité refers to anything that is given for free: la gratuité de l’éducation - free education. Gratuity is un pourboire or une gratification. Grief vs Grief Un grief is a grievance: Il me fait grief d’être au ch?mage - He holds my unemployed status against me. Grief refers to great sadness or chagrin: I’d never felt such grief - Je n’ai jamais senti une telle douleur. Habit vs Habit Habit means one’s dress or outfit; Habits means clothes. Habit refers to something a person does regularly, even to the point of addiction: habitude, coutume. It can also refer to a nun’s outfit: habit de religieuse. Haineux vs Heinous Haineux is from haine - hatred. It means malevolent or full of hatred. Heinous means atrocious/horrific: odieux, atroce, abominable. Hasard vs Hazard Hasard is a semi-false cognate. In addition to hazard, it can mean coincidence, chance （e.g., a chance meeting）, or fate. Par hasard - by chance. Hazard refers to un risque, danger, or péril. Ignorer vs Ignore Ignorer is a semi-false cognate. It nearly means to be ignorant or unaware of something: j’ignore tout de cette affaire - I know nothing about this business. Ignore means to deliberately not pay attention to someone or something. The usual translations are ne tenir aucun compte de, ne pas relever, and ne pas prêter attention à. Inconsistant vs Inconsistent Inconsistant indicates poor consistency: flimsy, weak, colorless, runny, or watery. In a more general sense, it can be translated by inconsistent. Inconsistent means lacking consistency or being erratic: inconséquent, incompatible. Instance vs Instance Instance means authority, official proceedings, or insistence. Instance refers to something that is representative of a group, an example - un exemple. Intéressant vs Interesting Intéressant is a semi-false cognate. In addition to interesting, it can mean attractive, worthwhile, or favorable （e.g., a price or offer）. Interesting means captivating, worth looking at, etc. Intoxiqué vs Intoxicated Intoxiqué means poisoned, while intoxicated means drunk - ivre. Jars vs Jars Jars is the French word for gander - a male goose. Jars are wide-mouthed containers made of glass or pottery: pots, jarres. Journée vs Journey Journée refers to a day. Journey is un voyage or trajet. Kidnapper vs Kidnapper Kidnapper is the French verb to kidnap. Kidnapper refers to the person who does the deed - un ravisseur / une ravisseuse. Lac vs Lack Lac is a large body of water - lake. Lack is a deficiency or absence - un manque. Laid vs Laid Laid is an adjective meaning ugly. Laid is the past tense of the English verb to lay: he laid his briefcase on the table - il a posé son porte-documents sur la table, she was laid on the ground - elle était déposée au sol. Lame vs Lame Lame is a noun: strip （of wood or metal）, slide （of a microscope）, or blade. Lame is an adjective: boiteux, estropié, faible. Large vs Large Large is the French adjective for wide, broad, or expansive. It can also mean generous or ample. Large is synonomous with big - grand, vaste, gros, important. Lecture vs Lecture Lecture refers to reading in all senses of the word. Lecture indicates a speech on a particular subject, especially for academic purposes: une conférence. Librairie vs Library Une Librairie is a bookstore, while Library in French is une bibliothèque. Liqueur vs Liquor Liqueur is a sweet, flavored alcoholic beverage: J’ai bu une liqueur après le d?ner - I drank a cordial after dinner. Liquor can mean any alcoholic beverage, but most often refers to hard liquor: Liquor is his only vice - L’alcool est son vice unique. Lit vs Lit Lit is a bed. Lit is the past participle of to light: allumer or éclairer. Location vs Location Location refers to something that is available for rent, such as a house or car. C’est pour un achat ou pour une location ? - Is it to buy or to rent? Location indicates the position or placement of someone/something: It’s a suitable location for a bakery - C’est une emplacement convenable à une boulangerie. Logeur vs Lodger Logeur is the landlord - the person who rents out rooms, while a Lodger is the opposite - the person who rents/stays in the rooms: locataire, pensionnaire. Losange vs Lozenge Losange means diamond （in shape）. Lozenge is une pastille （pour la toux）. Magasin vs Magazine Magasin is the general word for a store. It is also equivalent to the magazine of a gun. Magazine is une revue or un périodique. Mail vs Mail Mail is the French word for the old-fashioned meaning of mall, i.e., a tree-lined walk or square. Mail as a noun = poste or courrier; as a verb = envoyer or expédier （par la poste）, poster. Main vs Main Main is the French noun for hand. Main is the English adjective for principal, premier, majeur, or essentiel. Malice vs Malice Malice is a semi-false cognate; it can mean malice or simply mischievousnous or mischief. Malice has only the stronger meaning of deliberate cruelty: méchanceté or malveillance. Marron vs Maroon While both of these are colors, Marron is brown and Maroon is a reddish color, best translated by bordeaux. Mécanique vs Mechanic Mécanique is an adjective which means mechanical or machine-made. Mechanic is a worker skilled in making, repairing, or using machines: un mécanicien. Menteur vs Mentor Menteur can be a noun - liar or an adjective - false. Mentir - to lie. Mentor is a noun - mentor, ma?tre spirituel. Merci vs Mercy Merci i is the French word for thank you. It can also mean mercy, but this is quite uncommon. Mercy refers to pitié, indulgence, or miséricorde. Mère vs Mere Mère means mother. Mere is an adjective meaning simple, pur, seul, etc. Mode vs Mode Mode is a semi-false cognate. Normally, it means fashion; à la mode literally means in fashion or fashioable. Mode is a manner or way of doing something: a mode of life - une manière de vivre or a particular form, variety, or manner: a mode of communication - une fa?on de communiquer. It can also refer to status: The computer is in interactive mode - L’ordinateur est en mode conversationnel. Monnaie vs Money Monnaie can refer to currency, coin（age）, or change. Money s the general term for argent. Mousse vs Mousse Mousse is a semi-false cognate. It does refer to the dessert and hair product, but it also means such diverse things as moss, lather, or foam - so it’s very important to pay attention to the context! This includes the foam in beer or a bottle of champagne. Mousse simply refers to the dessert: chocolate mousse - mousse au chocolat or a styling product: hair mousse - mousse coiffante. Mouton vs Mutton Mouton can refer both to the animal （sheep） as well as the meat （mutton）. Mutton refers only to the meat. Napkin vs Napkin Napkin is not in any of my dictionaries, but I learned the hard way :-） that it means a sanitary napkin: J’ai besoin d’un napkin - I need a sanitary napkin. Napkin is correctly translated by serviette: I need a napkin - J’ai besoin d’une serviette. 相关资料 |
